Rabu, 20 Mei 2015

MESIN X RAY untuk PENDIDIKAN

X-ray Apparatus and Computed Tomography

../../fileadmin/user upload/LD Didactic/xray Physik
The modular concept of the LEYBOLD X-ray system offers a wide range of experiment topics in physics, chemistry, biology, medicine and engineering.

 

Principles

  • Radiography
  • X-ray photography
  • Ionisation and dosimetry
  • X-ray attenuation

Nuclear Physics

  • Bragg: Single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  • Investigating the energy spectrum of an X-ray tube
  • Duane-Hunt law and determination of h from the maximum wavelength
  • Energy-dependent absorption, K and L edges
  • Moseley’s law and the determination of the Rydberg constant
  • Fine structure of X-ray spectra
  • Determining the bonding energy of individual sub shells by selective excitation
  • X-ray fluorescence
  • Compton effect on X-rays

Solid-state Physics:

  • Bragg: Determining the lattice constants of monocrystals
  • Laue: Investigating the lattice structure of monocrystals
  • Debye-Scherrer: Determining the lattice plane spacings of polycrystalline powder samples

Medical Technology Applications

  • Radiology
  • Mineralogy
  • Radiation protection
  • X-ray fluorescence analysis
  • Non-destructive material analysis
  • Non-destructive testing
  • Computerised tomography also in 3D

 

X-ray apparatus

24 experiments from the LD physics leaflets series.
Topics:
  • Fluorescence of a luminous screen due to X-rays
  • X-ray photography: darkening of film stock due to x-rays
  • Detecting X-rays using an ionization chamber
  • Determining the ion dose rate of the x-ray tube with molybdenum anode
  • Investigating the attenuation of X-rays as a function of the absorber material and absorber thickness
  • Investigating the wavelength dependency of the coefficient of attenuation
  • Investigating the relationship between the coefficient of attenuation and the atomic number Z
  • Bragg reflection: diffraction of X-rays by a monocrystalline solid
  • Investigating the energy spectrum of an X-ray tube as a function of the high voltage and the emission current
  • Duane-Hunt relation and determination of Planck's constant
  • Fine structure of the characteristic X-radiation of a molybdenum anode
  • Edge absorption: filtering X-rays
  • Moseley's law and determination of the Rydberg constant
  • Compton effect: verifying the energy loss of the scattered x-ray quantum
  • Bragg reflection: determining the lattice constants of monocrystalline solids
    Laue diagrams: investigating the lattice structure of monocrystalline solids
  • Debye-Scherrer photography: determining the lattice plane spacings of polycrystalline powder samples


X-RAY UNITS dalam implementasinya 

The following are the X-ray units on the DIT RPII licence:

(a) Undergraduate low KeV X-ray Units
The ‘Tel-X-Ometer’ equipment (3 units) and Leybold Didactic closed X-ray system, which are held within the KE1-039 and KE1-040 laboratories, on the Kevin Street Campus, and are used for the purposes of undergraduate laboratories in 3rd and 4th year of the School of Physics courses. The x-ray tube within the Tel-X-Ometer equipment operates between 20kV and 35 kV with a tube current of 50 to 80 A. This equipment is exempted from the requirements for regulation of work practices as specified in SI 125 of 2000. The Leybold Didactic closed X-ray system operates between 0 kV - 35 kV with a tube current of 0 mA - 1mA.

(b) Research Analytical x-ray device (XRD)

The Siemens D500 X-ray diffractometer that is sited in room B.04.0 of the basement of the FOCAS Institute, Camden Row is an analytical x-ray device the typical acceleration potentials for devices operating in this mode are from 25-50 kVp.

 

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